Lead-asidhi Mabhatiri & Lithium Mabhatiri
1. Lead-asidhi Mabhatiri
1.1 Chii chinonzi Lead-asidhi Mabhatiri?
● Lead-acid bhatiri ibheteri yekuchengetedza iyo ma electrodes anonyanya kugadzirwatungamirauye itsoxides, uye iyo inonzi electrolytesulfuric acid solution.
● Mhepo yezita rebhatiri re-sero-lead-asidhi ndiro2.0V, iyo inogona kuburitswa ku1.5V uye kuchaja ku2.4V.
● Mukushandisa,6 imwe-seromabhatiri e-lead-acid anowanzobatanidzwa munhevedzano kuti aumbe zita12Vlead-asidhi bhatiri.
1.2 Lead-asidhi Bhatiri Mamiriro
● Mumamiriro ekubudiswa kwemabhatiri e-lead-acid, chikamu chikuru che electrode yakanaka inotungamirira dioksijeni, uye ikozvino inoyerera kubva kune electrode yakanaka kusvika kune electrode yakaipa, uye chikamu chikuru che electrode yakaipa inotungamirira.
● Mumamiriro ekugadzirisa mabhatiri e-lead-acid, zvikamu zvikuru zvezvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka electrode zvinotungamirira sulfate, uye ikozvino inoyerera kubva kune electrode yakanaka kusvika kune electrode yakaipa.
●Graphene mabhatiri: graphene conductive additivesinowedzerwa kune yakanaka uye yakaipa electrode zvinhu,graphene composite electrode zvinhuinowedzerwa kune iyo yakanaka electrode, uyegraphene functional layersinowedzerwa kune conductive layers.
1.3 Ko ruzivo rwechitupa runomiririrei?
●6-DZF-20:6 zvinoreva kuti varipo6 grids, grid yega yega ine voltage ye2V, uye voltage yakabatanidzwa munhevedzano i12V, uye 20 inoreva kuti bhatiri rine simba re20AH.
● D (magetsi), Z (inotsigirwa nemagetsi), F (vhavha-inogadziriswa kuchengetedza-isina bhatiri).
●DZM:D (magetsi), Z (motokari inobatsirwa nemagetsi), M (yakavharwa kuchengetedza-isina bhatiri).
●EVF:EV (motokari yebhatiri), F (vhavha-yakagadziriswa kuchengetedza-isina bhatiri).
1.4 Musiyano pakati pevhavha inodzorwa uye yakavharwa
●Valve-regulated kuchengetedza-isina bhatiri:hapana chikonzero chekuwedzera mvura kana asidhi yekugadzirisa, bhatiri pacharo chimiro chakavharwa,hapana acid inodonha kana acid mhute, nokuchengeteka kwenzira imwe chetekubuda vharafu, kana gasi remukati richidarika imwe kukosha, vharafu inobuda inovhura yega kuti ipedze gasi.
●Yakavharwa kuchengetedza-isina lead-asidhi bhatiri:bhatiri rose ririzvakavharirwa zvizere (bhatiri redox reaction rinotenderedzwa mukati meganda rakavharwa), saka bhatiri rekuchengetedza-isina harina "gasi rinokuvadza" rinofashukira
2. Lithium Mabhatiri
2.1 Chii chinonzi Lithium Mabhatiri?
● Lithium mabhatiri imhando yebhatiri inoshandisalithium simbi or lithium alloyseyakanaka/negative electrode zvinhu uye inoshandisa isiri-aqueous electrolyte mhinduro.(Lithium munyu uye organic solvents)
2.2 Lithium Battery Classification
●Lithium mabhatiri anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: lithium simbi mabhatiri uye lithium ion mabhatiri.Lithium ion mabhatiri akakwirira kune lithium simbi mabhatiri maererano nekuchengetedza, chaiyo chiyero, yekuzviburitsa chiyero uye kuita-mutengo reshiyo.
● Nekuda kwezvido zvayo zvepamusoro zvetekinoroji, makambani chete ari munyika shoma ari kubudisa rudzi urwu rwe lithium metal battery.
2.3 Lithium Ion Bhatiri
| Positive Electrode Materials | Nominal Voltage | Energy Density | Cycle Life | Mutengo | Chengetedzo | Cycle Times | Normal Operating Temperature |
| Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) | 3.7V | Pakati | Low | High | Low | ≥500 300-500 | Lithium iron phosphate: -20 ℃ ~ 65 ℃ Ternary lithium: -20 ℃ ~ 45 ℃Ternary lithium mabhatiri anoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura lithium iron phosphate pane yakaderera tembiricha, asi haagone kupikisa kutonhora kwakanyanya se lithium iron phosphate.Nekudaro, izvi zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo ega ega bhatiri fekitori. |
| Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO) | 3.6V | Low | Pakati | Low | Pakati | ≥500 800-1000 | |
| Lithium Nickel Oxide (LNO) | 3.6V | High | Low | High | Low | Hapana data | |
| Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) | 3.2V | Pakati | High | Low | High | 1200-1500 | |
| Nickel Cobalt Aluminium (NCA) | 3.6V | High | Pakati | Pakati | Low | ≥500 800-1200 | |
| Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM) | 3.6V | High | High | Pakati | Low | ≥1000 800-1200 |
●Negative electrode zvinhu:Graphite inonyanya kushandiswa.Pamusoro pezvo, lithium simbi, lithium alloy, silicon-carbon negative electrode, oxide negative electrode zvinhu, nezvimwewo zvinogona kushandiswawo kune negative electrode.
● Nokuenzanisa, lithium iron phosphate ndiyo inonyanya kudhura-inoshanda zvakanaka electrode zvinhu.
2.4 Lithium-ion bhatiri chimiro chechimiro
Cylindrical lithium-ion bhatiri
Prismatic Li-ion Battery
Bhatani lithium ion bhatiri
Special-shaped lithium-ion bhatiri
Soft pack bhatiri
● Maumbirwo akajairika anoshandiswa pamabhatiri emotokari emagetsi:cylindrical uye soft-pack
● Cylindrical lithium bhatiri:
● Zvakanakira: tekinoroji yakakura, mutengo wakaderera, diki simba rimwe chete, nyore kudzora, yakanaka kupisa kupisa
● Zvakaipa:nhamba huru yebhatiri packs, huremu hunorema, hushoma shoma simba density
● Soft-pack lithium bhatiri:
● Zvakanakira: superimposed nzira yekugadzira, yakatetepa, yakareruka, yakakwira simba density, misiyano yakawanda kana uchigadzira bhatiri pack
● Zvakaipa:kushata kwese kuita kwebhatiri pack (kuenderana), isingamiri kune tembiricha yakakwira, isiri nyore kumisikidza, mutengo wakakwira
● Ndeupi chimiro chiri nani kune lithiamu mabhatiri?Muchokwadi, hapana mhinduro yakakwana, inonyanya kuenderana nezvinodiwa
● Kana iwe uchida kudhura kwakaderera uye kushanda kwakanaka kwese: cylindrical lithium battery > soft-pack lithium battery
● Kana iwe uchida diki diki, chiedza, yakakwirira simba density: soft-pack lithium bhatiri > cylindrical lithium bhatiri
2.5 Lithium Bhatiri Mamiriro
● 18650: 18mm inoratidza dhayamita yebhatiri, 65mm inoratidza kureba kwebhatiri, 0 inoratidza chimiro checylindrical., zvichingoenda zvakadaro
● Kuverenga kwe12v20ah lithium bhatiri: Fungidzira kuti simba rezita re 18650 bhatiri ndeye 3.7V (4.2v kana yakazara) uye simba iri 2000ah (2ah)
● Kuti uwane 12v, unoda 3 18650 mabhatiri (12 / 3.7≈3)
● Kuti uwane 20ah, 20/2=10, unoda mapoka gumi emabhatiri, rimwe nerimwe rine 3 12V.
● 3 mumutsara ndeye 12V, 10 inofananidzwa ndeye 20ah, kureva, 12v20ah (yakakwana 30 18650 masero anodiwa)
● Paunenge uchibudisa, ikozvino inoyerera kubva kune electrode yakaipa kusvika kune yakanaka electrode
● Paunenge uchichaja, ikozvino inoyerera kubva kune yakanaka electrode kusvika kune yakaipa electrode
3. Kuenzanisa Pakati peLithium Battery, Lead-acid Battery uye Graphene Battery
| Kuenzanisa | Lithium bhatiri | Lead-asidhi bhatiri | Graphene bhatiri |
| Price | High | Low | Pakati |
| Safety factor | Low | High | Zvine mwero |
| Volume uye uremu | Saizi diki, uremu huremu | Hukuru hukuru uye huremu hunorema | Vhoriyamu hombe, inorema kupfuura lead-asidhi bhatiri |
| Hupenyu hwebhatiri | High | Normal | Yakakwira kupfuura lead-asidhi bhatiri, yakaderera pane lithium bhatiri |
| Hupenyu hurefu | 4 makore (ternary lithium: 800-1200 nguva lithium iron phosphate: 1200-1500 nguva) | 3 makore (3-500 nguva) | 3 makore (>500 nguva) |
| Portability | Flexible uye nyore kutakura | Haikwanise kubhadhariswa | Haikwanise kubhadhariswa |
| Kugadzirisa | Zvisingagadzirike | Repairable | Repairable |
● Hapana mhinduro yakakwana kune iyo bhatiri iri nani kune mota dzemagetsi.Zvinonyanya kuenderana nekudiwa kwemabhatiri.
● Maererano nehupenyu hwebheteri uye hupenyu: lithium battery > graphene > lead acid.
● Maererano nemutengo uye kuchengeteka chinhu: lead acid > graphene > lithium battery.
● Panyaya yekutakura: lithium battery> lead acid = graphene.
4. Battery Related Certificates
● Lead-asidhi bhatiri: Kana bhatiri relead-asidhi rikapfuura kuzunguzika, kusiyana kwepressure, uye 55°C tembiricha bvunzo, rinogona kuregererwa pakutakura zvinhu zvakajairika.Kana ikasapasa bvunzo nhatu, inoverengerwa sechinhu chine njodzi chikamu 8 (zvinoodza zvinhu)
● Zvitupa zvakajairika zvinosanganisira:
●Certification Yekutakurwa Kwakachengeteka Kwezvinhu Zvemakemikari(kutakura kwemhepo/gungwa);
●MSDS(MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET);
● Lithium bhatiri: yakarongerwa seKirasi 9 zvinhu zvine njodzi kunze kwenyika
● Zvitupa zvakajairwa zvinosanganisira: mabhatiri e lithium anowanzo UN38.3, UN3480, UN3481 uye UN3171, chitupa chepakeji yezvinhu zvine njodzi, chirevo chekuongorora mamiriro ekutakura zvinhu.
●UN38.3kuchengetedzwa kwekuongorora report
●UN3480lithium-ion bhatiri pack
●UN3481lithium-ion bhatiri rakaiswa mumidziyo kana lithium bhatiri remagetsi uye midziyo yakaiswa pamwechete (zvakafanana zvinhu zvine njodzi kabati)
●UN3171bhatiri-powered mota kana bhatiri-powered midziyo (bhatiri rakaiswa mumotokari, yakafanana kabati yezvinhu zvine njodzi)
5. Matambudziko eBattery
● Mabhatiri e-lead-acid anoshandiswa kwenguva yakareba, uye kusungirirwa kwesimbi mukati mebheteri kunowanzoputika, zvichiita kuti mafupi mafupi uye kupisa kwega.Lithium mabhatiri ari pamusoro pehupenyu hwesevhisi, uye bhatiri musimboti uri kuchembera uye kubuda, izvo zvinogona kukonzera mapfupi maseketi uye kupisa kwakanyanya.
Lead-asidhi Mabhatiri
Lithium Battery
● Kugadziriswa kusingabvumirwi: Vashandi vanoshandura bhatiri rekiti pasina mvumo, iyo inokanganisa kushanda kwekuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi emotokari.Kugadziriswa kusina kunaka kunoita kuti dunhu remotokari rive rakawandisa, rinoremerwa, rinopisa, uye pfupi-inotenderera.
Lead-asidhi Mabhatiri
Lithium Battery
● Kutadza kwechaja.Kana iyo charger yakasara mumotokari kwenguva yakareba uye ichizununguka, zviri nyore kuita kuti ma capacitors uye resistors ari mujaja asununguke, izvo zvinogona kutungamira nyore kuwedzeredza kwebhatiri.Kutora charger isiriyo kunogona kukonzera kuwandisa.
● Mabhasikoro emagetsi anopiswa nezuva.Muzhizha, tembiricha yakakwira uye haina kukodzera kupaka mabhasikoro emagetsi kunze kwezuva.Tembiricha iri mukati mebhatiri icharamba ichikwira.Kana ukachaja bhatiri uchangosvika kumba uchibva kubasa, tembiricha iri mukati mebhatiri icharamba ichikwira.Kana yasvika pakupisa kwakanyanya, zviri nyore kungobatidza.
● Midhudhudhu yemagetsi inonyudzwa nyore nyore mumvura panguva yekunaya kukuru.Lithium mabhatiri haagone kushandiswa mushure mekunyudzwa mumvura.Lead-asidhi bhatiri mota dzemagetsi dzinoda kugadziriswa muchitoro chekugadzirisa mushure mekunyudzwa mumvura.
6. Daily Maintenance uye Kushandisa Mabhatiri uye Vamwe
● Dzivisa kuwandisa uye kuwedzera-kubvisa bhatiri
Kuwedzera kuchaja:Kazhinji, mirwi yekuchaja inoshandiswa pakuchaja muChina.Kana yazara chaji, magetsi anozobviswa otomatiki.Kana uchichaja nechaja, simba rinobva radzimwa kana razara.Kuwedzera kune akajairwa majaja asina kuzara-chaji simba-kudzima basa, kana yakazara chaji, ivo vacharamba vachichaja nediki ikozvino, izvo zvinokanganisa hupenyu kwenguva yakareba;
Kuburitsa zvakanyanya:Zvinowanzokurudzirwa kuchaja bhatiri kana paine 20% simba rasara.Kuchaja nesimba rakaderera kwenguva yakareba kuchaita kuti bhatiri rive under-voltage, uye rinogona kunge risingachajirwe.Inoda kuvhurwa zvakare, uye inogona kusaitwa.
● Dzivisa kuishandisa munzvimbo dzakakwirira uye dzakaderera tembiricha.Kupisa kwakanyanya kunosimbisa kuita kwemakemikari uye kuburitsa kupisa kwakawanda.Kana kupisa kunosvika kune imwe kukosha kwakakosha, kuchaita kuti bhatiri ripise uye kuputika.
● Dzivisa kukurumidza kuchaja, iyo ichaita kuti kuchinja kwehutano hwemukati uye kusagadzikana.Panguva imwecheteyo, bhatiri rinopisa uye rinokanganisa hupenyu hwebheteri.Zvinoenderana nehunhu hwemabhatiri e-lithium akasiyana, kune 20A lithium manganese oxide bhatiri, uchishandisa 5A charger uye 4A charger pasi pemamiriro akafanana ekushandiswa, kushandisa 5A charger kunoderedza kutenderera nekanosvika zana.
●Kana motokari yemagetsi isingashandiswi kwenguva yakareba, edza kuibhadharisa kamwe chete pavhiki kana imwe neimwe 15 mazuva.Iyo lead-asidi bhatiri pachayo inopedza inenge 0.5% yesimba rayo zuva rega rega.Ichapedza nekukurumidza kana yaiswa pamota nyowani.
Lithium mabhatiri achapedzawo simba.Kana bhatiri risina kubhadharwa kwenguva yakareba, inenge iri mumamiriro ekurasikirwa kwesimba uye bhatiri inogona kunge isingashandisi.
Bhatiri idzva risati ravhurwa rinoda kuchajwa kamwe chete kupfuura100 mazuva.
●Kana bhatiri rakashandiswa kwenguva refunguva uye ine basa rakaderera, bhatiri re-lead-acid rinogona kuwedzerwa ne electrolyte kana mvura nenyanzvi kuti irambe ichishandiswa kwenguva yakati, asi mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, zvinokurudzirwa kutsiva bhatiri idzva zvakananga.Iyo lithium bhatiri ine yakaderera kushanda uye haigone kugadziriswa.Inokurudzirwa kutsiva bhatiri idzva zvakananga.
●Dambudziko rekuchaja: Iyo charger inofanirwa kushandisa modhi inoenderana.60V haigone kuchaja 48V mabhatiri, 60V lead-asidhi haigone kuchaja 60V lithium mabhatiri, uyelead-asidhi majaja uye lithium bhatiri majaja haagone kushandiswa zvakasiyana.
Kana nguva yekuchaja yakarebesa kupfuura nguva dzese, zvinokurudzirwa kuburitsa tambo yekuchaja uye kumisa kuchaja.Nyatsocherechedza kana bhatiri rakaremara kana kukuvara.
●Upenyu hwebhatiri = voltage × bhatiri ampere × kumhanya ÷ mota simba Iyi fomula haina kukodzera kune ese modhi, kunyanya emagetsi emagetsi emhando yepamusoro.Yakasanganiswa nedata rekushandisa yevazhinji vashandisi vevakadzi, nzira yacho ndeiyi inotevera:
48V lithium battery, 1A = 2.5km, 60V lithium battery, 1A = 3km, 72V lithium battery, 1A = 3.5km, lead-acid inenge 10% pasi pe lithium battery.
48V bhatiri inogona kumhanya makiromita 2.5 pa ampere (48V20A 20×2.5=50 makiromita)
60V bhatiri inogona kumhanya makiromita matatu pa ampere (60V20A 20×3 = 60 makiromita)
72V bhatiri inogona kumhanya 3.5 makiromita per ampere (72V20A 20×3.5 = 70 makiromita)
●Kukwana kwebhatiri/iyo A yechaja yakaenzana nenguva yekuchaja, nguva yekubhadhara = bhatiri simba / charger Nhamba, semuenzaniso 20A / 4A = maawa mashanu, asi nokuti kushandiswa kwekutengesa kuchave kunonoka mushure mekubhadhara kusvika ku80% (pulse ichaderedza ikozvino), saka inowanzonyorwa se5-6. maawa kana 6-7 maawa (yeinishuwarenzi)
